Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are terms for a
group of complex disorders of brain development. According to AutismSpeaks.org, these disorders are
characterized by varying difficulties in social interaction, verbal and
nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. Most signs of autism begin
to appear by age two or three. An early diagnosis is beneficial so treatment
can begin that much earlier.
What is the Cause of Autism?
It hasn’t been too long ago that we did not know the answer
to this question, but now thanks to extensive research, we know that there is
not just one cause of autism. Over the last five years, there have been a
number of rare gene changes, or mutations, associated with autism. Some of
these are enough to cause autism on their own; however, many times it is a
combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors. Many of the environmental
risk factors involve events before and during birth. These can include advanced
parental age at conception, maternal illness during pregnancy, or certain
difficulties during birth.
What Does an Autism Diagnosis Mean?
It is important to note that each individual diagnosed with
autism is different and very unique. Many of them have exceptional abilities with
things such as music or academics. Approximately 40% have average to above
average intellectual abilities, while others are significantly disabled with
their diagnosis and are unable to live independently. About 25% are unable to
communicate verbally, but can learn to communicate through other means.
What Type of Treatment is available for Autism?
It is important to remember that just as each individual
with Autism is unique, so should each treatment be tailored to his or her
individual needs. Treatment can include behavioral treatments, medicines, or a
combination of the two. Many of those diagnosed with autism also have other
medical conditions such as sleep disturbance, seizures, and gastrointestinal
distress. When these conditions are addressed, many times it can improve
attention, learning, and related behaviors.
Early intensive behavioral therapy involves a child’s entire
family working with a team of professionals. In some intervention programs, therapists
come into the home to work with the child or even go on outings with the family
to help demonstrate appropriate reactions to certain autistic behaviors.
As children grow and develop social and learning skills,
treatment should be adjusted to target specific needs, such as social skills
training or specialized approaches to teaching. Transition services are
beneficial to adolescents with autism to help promote a successful maturation
into independence and employment opportunities that will be faced in adulthood.
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are terms for a
group of complex disorders of brain development, and these disorders are
characterized by varying difficulties in social interaction, verbal and
nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. Although there are those
diagnosed with autism that are unable to live independently, there are many,
who with the proper treatment, can go on to live independent, productive lives.
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